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Acetylsalicylic acid

50 grains/10 gallons prolonged bath

relieves shock and stress

for fresh and salt water

Acriflavin, hydrochloride

10 ppm for 2 hours

protozoa, bacteria, fungi

not as safe as Acriflavin (neutral)

Acriflavin (neutral)

.

5-10 mg/L prolonged bath 7-10 days continuous
_______________

500 mg/L 30 min bath daily ______________

25 mg/L 30 min daily for 15 days

protozoa


______________

bacteria

______________

antiviral

kills plants


_____________

none

______________

effective against Herpesvirus salmonis. Not effective orally. Efficacy questionable

Ampicillin, sodium

bacteria

not effective. not advised.

Ampicillin trihydrate

bacteria

not effective. not advised.

Aspirin

50 grains/10 gallons prolonged bath

relieves shock and stress

for fresh and salt water

Atabrine

30 mg/L for 1 hour daily for 3 days

10 mg/L for 3 days, continuous

Cryptocaryon irritans

breaks down in water quickly

Atabrine hydrochloride

30 mg/L for 1 hour daily for 3 days

10 mg/L for 3 days, continuous

Cryptocaryon irritans

breaks down in water quickly

Aureomycin

13 mg/L for 5 min ONCE

Oodinium sp.

questionable efficacy

Bacitracin

60-75 mg/L indefinite

bacteria

not absorbed systemically

Basic Bright Green Oxalate

60 mg/L for 45 seconds ONCE

1 mg/L for 2.5 hours

protozoa, fungi

none

Baslows solution copper sulfate + TRIS buffer + EDTA)

0.10 to 0.15 ppm ONCE

Amyloodinium and Cryptocaryon

toxic to freshwater fish

Betadine

not advised

Bleach .

200 ppm for 1 hour

antibacterial, anti viral, antiprotozoal, anti fungal. Disinfectant

Used to sterilize tanks and equipment. Will kill fish and inverts.

Bright green, zinc free

.

0.1% painted on wound

67 mg/L for 1 min

0.2 mg/L for 1 hour

0.1 mg/L indefinite

0.1 mg/L OID Q3D

fungi

fungi

fungi

fungi, some bacteria, ch, Cryptocaryon, Oodinium

fungi, some bacteria, Ich, Cryptocaryon, Oodinium

Stains skin asnd fabrics. Is mutagenic, teraogenic. May be toxic to some species. More toxic at higher temperatures

Brilliant green, zinc free

0.1% painted on wound

67 mg/L for 1 min

0.2 mg/L for 1 hour

0.1 mg/L indefinite

0.1 mg/L OID Q3D

fungi

fungi

fungi

fungi, some bacteria, ch, Cryptocaryon, Oodinium

fungi, some bacteria, Ich, Cryptocaryon, Oodinium

Stains skin and fabrics. Is mutagenic, teraogenic. May be toxic to some species. More toxic at higher temperatures

Chloramphenicol

not effective as a bath

Chloramphenicol, sodium succinate

not effective as a bath

Chloromycetin

not effective as a bath

Chlorotetracycline

13 mg/L for 5 min ONCE

antibacterial

many resistant strains

Chloroquine

10 mg/L indefinite, ONCE

antiprotozoal, control of Cryptocaryon irritans

somewhat effective

Chloroquine diphosphate

10 mg/L indefinite, ONCE

antiprotozoal, control of Cryptocaryon irritans

somewhat effective

Copper, buffered (copper sulfate + TRIS buffer + EDTA)

0.10 to 0.15 ppm ONCE

Amyloodinium, Cryptocaryon

toxic to freshwater fish

Copper sulfate .

0.0001 mg/L indefinite, continuous

bath 500 mg/L for 1 minute

2.3 to 4.0 mg/L indefinite

protozoa

protozoa

algae control

toxic to inverts and live plants. Prolonged exposure may cause anemia. kidney, liver and gill problems over time. Highly toxic to freshwater fish.

Copper sulfate, citrated

0.15 to 0.20 mg/L for 14 days

protozoa

toxic to inverts and freshwater fish. Perhaps the most effective form of copper.

Copper sulfate, chelated

2 mg/L to 8 mg/L

protozoa

generally not as effective as non chelates. Prolonged exposure may cause anemia, gill, kidney and liver damage. Not advised.

Cycloserine.

50 mg/gal every other day for 3 treatments

bacteria, possibly fish tuberculosislosis

Saltwater only

Calcium hypochlorite

200 ppm for one hour

300 ppm

antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal, disinfectant.

effective against Myxosoma

Will kill fish and inverts. For sterilization ONLY

Daraprim

1 ppm

Cryptocaryon, Ich

not effective

Dichlorvos

0.2 mg/kg continuous (for 4 weeks)

monogenea, digenea crustaceans

none

Dimetridazole

.

50 mg/L for 24 hours. Repeat daily for 10 days

Hexamita

not very effective

Dimilin

0.01 mg/L 48 hours. 3 treatments, 6 days apart.

crustaceans

76% of this chemical persists at least one week in pond water

Dylox

0.25 mg/L for 1 hr. every 5 days

0.5 mg/L for 1 hr. every 5 days

2.0 mg/L for 1 hr., ONCE

trematodes, crustaceans

potentially carcinogenic. Doses are in active ingredient. Water to be discarded should be brought to pH 11

Epsom salts

70 g/L for 5 min ONCE

cathartic

freshwater fish only

Erythromycin

50 mg/L for 15 min

250 mg/ 25 gallons, indefinite

antibacterial

Cyanobacter control

ineffective. not advised

will not harm biological filter at this dose

Flagyl

4 mg/L for 3 to 4 days

Hexamita

change water with each treatment. poorly soluble

Flumequine

50 mg/L for 30 minutes

Furunculosis

absorption increased at lOver pH.

Formaldehyde (37%)

.

.

0.4 ml/L up to 1 hour every 3 days in soft water.

0.5 ml/L up to 1 hour every three days in hard water

2 ml/L in marine water up to 1 hour every three days

protozoa, monogenea, digenea, crustaceans

effect on fish is highly species specific. Not advised. Wear protective eye wear when using. POISON!

Fresh water

immerse marine fish for 5 to 10 min

extoparasites, protozoa

not for fishes with lesions

Furacin

2 ppm as a 24 hour bath

10 ppm as as 24 hour bath

bacteria, antiseptic

not effective against Ich

Furanace

0.05 to 0.1 mg/L indefinite bath

bacteria

non-food fish only

Furazone green

2 ppm as a 24 hour bath

10 ppm as as 24 hour bath

bacteria, antiseptic

not effective against Ich

HTH .

200 ppm for one hour

300 ppm effective against _Myxosoma_.

antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal disinfectant

Will kill fish and inverts. FOR STERILIZATION ONLY!

Hydrocortisone

10 mg/L 30 minutes MAXIMUM as needed

shock

none

Hydrogen peroxide, 3%

17.5 gm/ L for 10-15 min bath

5000 ppm dip for 5 min

1 ml/10 gallons/hour

ectoparasites, protozoacide

antiseptic

oxygen enhancer

may disrupt biological filter with prolonged use.

Iodine 7% tincture

paint on wound and rinse immediately

antiseptic

none

Ipropan

3-4 mg/L for 6-12 hours ONCE

Hexamita

none

Isoniazid.

40 mg/ gal for three treatments, every other day

bacteria. Possibly effective against marine tuberculosis

none

Kanamycin

750 mg/L for 2 hours OID

bacteria

none

Levamisol .

2 mg/L for 24 hours ONCE

50 mg/L for 2 hours ONCE

nematodes

most effective against larval nematodes, swimbladder worms no increase in effectiveness with higher dose. LD50 for eels is 250 mg/. Single treatment kills ~ 50% of nematode load.

Magnesium sulfate

70 g/L for 5 min ONCE

cathartic

freshwater fish only

Malachite green, zinc free

.

0.1% painted on wound

67 mg/L for 1 min

0.2 mg/L for 1 hour

0.1 mg/L indefinite

0.1 mg/L OID Q3D for three treatments

fungi

fungi, some bacteria, Ich, Cryptocaryon, Oodinium

Stains skin and fabrics. Is mutagenic, teraogenic. May be toxic to some species if overdosed. More toxic at higher temperatures.

Malachite green, zinc free plus formalin

0.1 mg/L indefinite

0.1 mg/L OID Q3D for three treatments

fungi, some bacteria, Ich, Cryptocaryon, Oodinium

Stains skin and fabrics. Is mutagenic, teraogenic. May be toxic to some species if overdosed. More toxic at higher temperatures. Formalin may disrupt biological filter. NOT ADVISED.

Marine salt

22 g/L for 30 min

30 g/L for 10 min

1-3 g/L indefinite

6 g/L indefinite

protozoa, fungi, Epistylis, osmoregulatory stress

none

none

subtherapeutic level

"general tonic"

Masoten

0.25 mg/L for 1 hr. every 5 days

0.5 mg/L for 1 hr. every 5 days

2.0 mg/L for 1 hr., ONCE

trematodes, crustaceans

potentially carcinogenic. Doses are in active ingredient. Water to be discarded should be brought to pH 11

Mebendazole

1 mg/L for 24 hours ONCE

100 mg/L for 2 hours ONCE

Pseudodactylogyrus

none

Merbromen

paint on wounds

disinfectant

do not get into gills

Mercurochrome

paint on wounds

disinfectant

do not get into gills

Merthiolate

paint on wounds

disinfectant, fungi, bacteria

rinse fish before returning to tank. Do not get into gills.

Methylene Blue

2 mg/L prolonged bath up to 5 days, continuous

3 mg/L prolonged bath up to 5 days, continuous

50 mg/L for 10 seconds

Cyanide toxicity,

oxygen transfer across gills

fungi

May kill plants. Harmful to biological filter. Will stain hands and fabrics. Effectiveness reduced by organics in tank.

none

Metronidazole

4 mg/L for 3 to 4 days

Hexamita

change water with each treatment. Poorly soluble

Micromycin

400 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days

100 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days

bacteria

bacteria

saltwater fish only

freshwater fish only

Minocycline

100 mg/10 gallons every other day

bacteria

possibly effective against fish tuberculosis

MS-222

50 to 100 mg/L

250 to 500 mg/L

tranquilizer

euthanizing solution

use with caution. Dose is species specific.

Neguvon

0.25 mg/L for 1 hr. every 5 days

0.5 mg/L for 1 hr. every 5 days

2.0 mg/L for 1 hr., ONCE

trematodes, crustaceans

potentially carcinogenic. Doses are in active ingredient. Water to be discarded should be brought to pH 11

Nifurpirinol

0.05 to 0.1 mg/L indefinite bath

bacteria

non foodfish only

Nitrofurazone

2 ppm as a 24 hour bath

10 ppm as 24 hour bath

bacteria, antiseptic

not effective against Ich

Nitrofurpyrinol

2 mg/L for 19 hours ONCE

antiprotozoal

effective against Chilodonella. Not effective in salt water. Not effective against Ich. Can cause skin and gill lesions in catfish. Mutagenic and carcinogenic.

Oxytetracycline

400 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days

100 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days

bacteria

saltwater fish only

freshwater fish only

Many resistant strains

Oxytetracycline hydrochloride

400 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days

100 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days

bacteria

saltwater fish only

freshwater fish only

Many resistant strains

Ozone

0.1 mg/L for 60 sec. daily for 7 days

70 mg/L for 10 min daily for 7 days

90 mg/L for 10 min daily for 7 days

0.1 mg/L continuous.

disinfectant, antibacterial, antiviral, antiprotozoal. Oxidizes organics.

use with caution. Can burn mucus membranes. Degrades rubber. Run ozonated water through carbon before returning to tank. Concentration must be checked daily or ozonator should be regulated by an ORP meter (preferred)

Phenoxyethol

100 mg/L as a 1 hr. bath, ONCE

fungi

none

2-Phenoxyethol

100 mg/L as a 1 hr. bath, ONCE

fungi

none

Potassium permanganate

1 g/L for 30-40 seconds.

20 mg/L for 1 hr.

2-5 mg/L indefinite

crustaceans, protozoa

Only in acid water. Can be toxic to goldfish.

food fish use.

Can cause massive fish deaths. Not advised.

Povidone-Iodine

not advised

Praziquantel HCL ,

10 mg/L for 3 hours

2 mg/L for 24 hours

trematodes, cestodes, Dactylogyrus, Diplozoon, Proteocephalus

Levels can cause toxicity in Corydoras catfish. Not advised for juvenile fishes. Fish may appear narcotized after dip. Not easily dissolved in water. Repeat treatment at weekly intervals for 3 weeks for egg laying monogenes.

Primaquine phosphate

15 mg/gal every other day for 5 treatments

Cryptocaryon

salt water only

Pyrimthamine

1 ppm

Cryptocaryon, Ich

not effective

Quinaldine

20:1 with ethyl alcohol

fish tranquilizer

not advised due to alcohol content

Quinacrine

30 mg/L for 1 hour daily for 3 days

10 mg/L for 3 days, continuous

Cryptocaryon irritans

breaks down in water quickly

Quinacrine hydrochloride

30 mg/L for 1 hour daily for 3 days

10 mg/L for 3 days, continuous

Cryptocaryon irritans

breaks down in water quickly

Quinine hydrochloride

30 mg/L for 1 hour daily for 3 days

10 mg/L for 3 days, continuous

Cryptocaryon irritans

breaks down in water quickly

Quinine sulfate

30 mg/L for 1 hour daily for 3 days

protozoa

breaks down quickly in water

Salt water

2 ppt as an indefinite bath

protozoa, fungi, Epistylis, osmoregulatory stress

none

Sea water

2 ppt as an indefinite bath

protozoa, fungi, Epistylis, osmoregulatory stress

none

Simazine

0.5-2.5 g/m3 indefinite

herbicide, algicide

food fish use. Will kill trees.

Sodium chloride

22 g/L for 30 min

30 g/L for 10 min

1-3 g/L indefinite

6 g/L indefinite

protozoa, fungi, Epistylis, osmoregulatory stress

none

subtherapeutic level

"general tonic"

Sodium chlorite

2-5 ppm indefinite

bacteria, protozoa

freshwater use only. May kill plants

Sodium hypochlorite

200 ppm for 1 hour

antibacterial, anti viral, antiprotozoal, anti fungal . Disinfectant.

Used to sterilize tanks and equipment. Will kill fish and inverts.

Sodium sulfadiazine

100 to 250 mg/L as a long duration bath

bacteria

will precipitate in water <pH 9. Repeat each day for 5 days. Good for one day. May be effective against Cryptocaryon

Sodium sulfathiazole

250 mg/10 gallons as a long duration bath

bacteria

will precipitate in water <pH 9. Repeat each day for 5 days. Good for one day. May be effective against Cryptocaryon

Sodium thiosulphate

1 gram/ 10 gallons

chlorine neutralizer

none

Sulfadiazine

250 mg/10 gallons as a long duration bath

bacteria

will precipitate in water <pH 9. Repeat each day for 5 days. Good for one day. May be effective against Cryptocaryon

Sulfamethazine

100 mg/L for 1 hour daily for 7 days

bacteria

none

Sulfathiazole sodium

250 mg/10 gallons as a long duration bath

bacteria

will precipitate in water <pH 9. Repeat each day for 5 days. Good for one day. May be effective against Cryptocaryon

Sweet water

immerse marine fish for 5 to 10 min

extoparasites, protozoa

not for fishes with lesions

Table salt, non-iodized

22 g/L for 30 min

30 g/L for 10 min

1-3 g/L indefinite

6 g/L indefinite

protozoa, fungi, Epistylis, osmoregulatory stress

none

subtherapeutic level

"general tonic"

Terramycin

400 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days

100 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days

bacteria

Saltwater fish only

Freshwater fish only

Many resistant strains.

Tetracycline

400 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days

100 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days

bacteria

Saltwater fish only

Freshwater fish only

Many resistant strains

Tetracycline HCL

400 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days

100 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days

bacteria

Saltwater fish only

Freshwater fish only

Many resistant strains.

Tincture of iodine 7%

antiseptic

Paint on wound and rinse immediately

Tricaine methsulfonate

15-66 mg/L 6-48 hours

50-330 mg/L 1-40 minutes

sedation

anesthesia

use with caution

Trichlorfon

0.25 mg/L for 1 hr. every 5 days

0.5 mg/L for 1 hr. every 5 days

2.0 mg/L for 1 hr., ONCE

trematodes, crustaceans

potentially carcinogenic. Doses are in active ingredient. Water to be discarded should be brought to pH 11

TRIS buffer (copper sulfate + TRIS buffer + EDTA)

0.10 to 0.15 ppm ONCE

Amyloodinium and Cryptocaryon

toxic to freshwater fish

Vancomycin

2.0 mg/l for one hour, ONCE

bacteria (gram positive cocci)

has a shelf life of two weeks when in solution.

Vancomycin hydrochloride

2.0 mg/l for one hour, ONCE

bacteria (gram positive cocci)

has a shelf life of two weeks when in solution.

Victoria Green

0.1% painted on wound

67 mg/L for 1 min

0.2 mg/L for 1 hour

0.1 mg/L indefinite

0.1 mg/L OID Q3D for three treatments

fungi

fungi, some bacteria, Ich, Cryptocaryon, Oodinium

Stains skin and fabrics. Is mutagenic, teraogenic. May be toxic to some species if overdosed. More toxic at higher temperatures.